The JY-1 protein is oocyte specific, and is associated with folliculogenesis and early embryo development, and thus influences the chance of pregnancy. It was the first protein of maternal origin to be described for a single ovulating species, namely cattle. JY-1-like sequences corresponding to 3' coding and the untranslated region have been reported in other vertebrate species. This is the first description of the partial JY-1 (exon 3 and 3'UTR) in a livestock species other than cattle and buffalo. The sequence was characterized in a panel of nine Indian goat breeds, which differ in reproductive traits (twinning percentage and age of sexual maturity). Forty three variations were recorded in the analysed region of goats JY-1 compared with cattle. Nucleotide variations in the codifying region of goats correspond to seven amino acid changes that could affect the biological function of the protein and possibly reproductive differences between goats (higher proportion of multiparous animals) and cattle (mainly uniparous). A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (C15329T) has been identified in Indian goats, which was genotyped in 272 animals from six breeds. Further studies to investigate other regions of the gene and its expression in goat female reproductive tissues would clarify the role of JY-1 in farm animal species that are not primarily uniparous.

El árido Rajastán occidental, en donde está inmerso el desierto de Thar en la India, está cubierto principalmente por dunas de arena, un paisaje común. La región ha enfrentado la fragilidad de los recursos naturales, las lluvias escasas, irregulares y mala distribución, y está cubierta con muchos arbustos resistentes perennes. Calligonum polygonoides, el arbusto perenne más común, se encuentra ampliamente en algunas localidades del desierto de Thar. En este estudio, se evaluó la diversidad presente entre 54 plantas silvestres de Calligonum polygonoides, de ocho localidades diferentes del desierto de Thar. Nuestros métodos incluyen características químicas/nutricionales y ADN polimórfico amplificado (RAPD) al azar. Ambos métodos químicos y moleculares producen un amplio rango de la diversidad, sin embargo, RAPD detectó comparativamente mayor diversidad. Un total de 163 posiciones de la banda fueron producidos por diez cebadores RAPD, de los cuales 147 se encontraron polimórficos con un 90.18% de polimorfismo. El coeficiente de RAPD basado en la similitud de Jaccard varió desde 0.43 hasta 0.89. El análisis de varios constituyentes químicos y minerales reveló que Calligonum polygonoides es una excelente fuente de calcio, potasio y fósforo mientras que es relativamente pobre en zinc. Entre los minerales, el contenido de potasio promedio se encontró como máximo (2 430mg/100g), con 0.14 CV. El zinc se observó comparativamente menor en cantidad, pero presentó la mayor variabilidad con CV 0.73. El valor del coefficente de disimilitud de Manhattan varió en un rango de 0.01 hasta 0.22 con un promedio de 0.12. La comparación de los grupos obtenidos según los parámetros químicos y minerales con las de los datos de RAPD mostró que los grupos formados en ambos casos mostraron patrones diferentes de relaciones entre las muestras. Una gama más amplia de la diversidad podría ser debido al comportamiento reproductivo C polygonoides e indica la buena adaptabilidad de las plantas en la región estudiada. Sin embargo, la baja diversidad observada en la provincia de Bikaner es alarmante, y sugiere que las actividades antropogénicas que conducen a disturbios excesivos en la población pueden afectar la composición genética de la especie de una manera considerable

The arid Western Rajasthan, where the Thar Desert of India is immersed, is mostly covered by sand dunes, a common landscape. The region has confronted with fragilities of natural resources, low, erratic and ill-distributed rainfall, and is covered up with many perennial hardy shrubs. Calligonum polygonoides, the most common perennial shrub, is widely present in some localities of this Thar Desert. In this study, we evaluated the diversity present among 54 wild Calligonum polygonoides plants, sampled from eight different locations within the Thar Desert. Our methods included chemical/nutritional characteristics and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Both chemical and molecular methods produced wider range of diversity, however, RAPD detected comparatively more diversity. A total of 163 band positions were produced by ten RAPD primers, of which 147 were found polymorphic with 90.18% polymorphism. RAPD-based Jaccard’s similarity coefficients ranged from 0.43-0.89. The analysis of various chemical and mineral constituents revealed that phog is an excellent source of calcium, potassium and phosphorous while relatively poor in zinc. Among minerals, average potassium content was found maximum (2 430mg/100g) with 0.14 CV. Zinc was observed comparably less in quantity while highest variable with CV 0.73. The chemical-based Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient values ranged from 0.01-0.22 with an average of 0.12. The comparison of the clusters obtained based on the chemical and mineral parameters with those of the RAPD data showed that the groups formed in both cases showed different patterns of relationships among the samples. Broader range of diversity might be due to the out breeding behavior of C. polygonoides and indicates the good adaptability of the plants in the region studied. However, low diversity observed in the Bikaner province is alarming and suggests that anthropogenic activities leading to heavy population disturbances can affect the genetic composition of the species in a considerable way.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli (E coli) isolated from the shell membrane and yolk of commercial chicken eggs in Grenada. METHODS: A total of 450 eggs were collected from different locations including small (33.3%) and big farms (26.7%), roadside vendors (26.7%) and supermarkets (13.3%). The shell membranes and yolk were cultured separately on blood agar and McConkey Agar. Escherichia coli were identified using biochemical tests and API20E strips. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity. RESULTS: A total of 55 E coli isolates were obtained. Of which 34 isolates were from shell membrane and 21 from yolk samples. Twenty-two of the total 34 isolates from shell membrane exhibited resistance to one or more ofthe antibiotics used in the study whereas 11 of the 21 yolks isolate also showed resistance to one or more ofthe tested antibiotics. Among the six antibiotics tested, the highest level of resistance was observed for ampicillin, 42.9 per cent and 31.8 per cent respectively for shell membrane and yolk isolates. The lowest resistance rate among all the antibiotics was observed against enrofloxacin (0%). Multi-drug resistance (resistance to > 3 compounds) was observed in 10.9% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: This study on E coli drug resistance in commercial chicken eggs in Grenada generated baseline data indicating that chicken eggs used for food can harbour resistant E coli. A regular monitoring ofcommensal and clinical isolates of E coli for antibacterial resistance is warranted.

OBJETIVO: Determinar el perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli (E coli) aislada de la membrana de la cáscara y la yema de huevos comerciales de gallinas en Granada. MÉTODO: Un total de 450 huevos fueron recolectados de diferentes localidades, incluyendo granjas pequeñas (33.3%) y grandes (26.7%), vendedores a la orilla de los caminos (26.7%), y los supermercados (13.3%). Las membranas de la cáscara y yema fueron puestas por separado en un cultivo de agar sangre y agar McConkey. Las Escherichia coli fueron identificadas usando pruebas bioquímicas y tiras API20E. Los aislados fueron sometidos a pruebas para determinar su sensibilidad antimicrobiana. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un total de 55 aislados de E coli. De estos, 34 aislados provenían de la membrana de las cáscaras y 21 de las muestras de yemas. Veintidós del total 34 aislados de la membrana, mostraron ser resistentes a uno o más de los antibióticos usados en el estudio, mientras que 11 de los 21 aislados de yemas también mostraron resistencia a uno o más de los antibióticos probados. Entre los seis antibióticos probados, el nivel más alto de resistencia se observó frente a la ampicilina, 42.9 por ciento y 31.8 por ciento respectivamente para la membrana de la cáscara y los aislados de yema. La tasa de resistencia más baja entre todos los antibióticos se observó frente a la enrofloxacina (0%). Una resistencia multidroga (resistencia a > 3 compuestos) se observó en 10.9% de los aislados. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio sobre la resistencia medicamentosa de E en los huevos comerciales de gallina en Granada, generó datos básicos que indican que los huevos de gallina usados para la alimentación pueden ser fuente de E coli resistentes a los medicamentos. Se garantiza un monitoreo regular de aislados comensales y clínicos de E coli a fin de detectar su resistencia antibacteriana.

OBJETIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira and the serovars responsible for Leptospira exposure in rats in Grenada in order to assess rats as a reservoir host for human infection. DESIGN AND METHODS: Rattus norvegicus rodents were collected representing each of the six parishes on the island of Grenada. Serum from 237 rats was tested by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Seroprevalence rates among parishes were compared using a chi-squared test of homogeneity. RESULTS: Of the 237 serum samples tested, 64 were positive by either MAT or ELISA for an overall seroprevalence of 27%. The ELISA identified 24.5 % (57/233) of the rats positive at a titer of > 1:160. The MAT identified 7.1% (13/183) of the rats positive at a titer of > 1:100. Six of the 13 MAT positive samples had antibodies to multiple serovars. The serovars identified by the MAT with the greatest frequency were from the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Two rats had antibodies for serogroup Cynopteri, the first time this serogroup has been identified on Grenada. CONCLUSIONS: Our results for Leptospira exposure in rats in Grenada support R. norvegicus as an important reservoir host for Leptospira, particularly those from the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Because this serogroup is the primary serogroup responsible for documented human exposure in Grenada, exposed rats represent a public health threat.

India is a high-risk country for cervical cancer which accounts a quarter (126 000 new cases, 71 000 deaths around 2 000) of the world burden. The age-standardized incidence rates range from 16-55 per 100 000 women in different regions with particularly high rates in rural areas. Control of cervical cancer by early detection and treatment is a priority of the National Cancer Control Programme of India. There are no organized cytology screening programmes in the country. The technical and financial constraints to organize cytology screening have encouraged the evaluation of visual inspection approaches as potential alternatives to cervical cytology in India. Four types of visual detection approaches for cervical neoplasia are investigated in India: a) naked eye inspection without acetic acid application, widely known as 'downstaging'; b) naked eye inspection after application of 3-5% acetic acid (VIA); c) VIA using magnification devices (VIAM); d) visual inspection after the application of Lugol's iodine (VILI). Downstaging has been shown to be poorly sensitive and specific to detect cervical neoplasia and is no longer considered as a suitable screening test for cervical cancer. VIA, VIAM and VILI are currently being investigated in multicentre cross-sectional studies (without verification bias), in which cytology and HPV testing are also simultaneously evaluated, and the results of these investigations will be available in 2003. These studies will provide valuable information on the average, comparative test performances in detecting high-grade cervical cancer precursors and cancer. Results from pooled analysis of data from two completed studies indicated an approximate sensitivity of 93.4% and specificity of 85.1% for VIA to detect CIN 2 or worse lesions; the corresponding figures for cytology were 72.1% and 91.6%. The efficacy of VIA in reducing incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer and its cost-effectiveness is currently being investigated in two cluster randomized controlled intervention trials in India. One of these studies is a 4-arm trial addressing the comparative efficacy of VIA, cytology and primary screening with HPV DNA testing. This trial will provide valuable information on comparative detection rates of CIN 2-3 lesions by the middle of 2003. The expected outcomes from the Indian studies will contribute valuable information for guiding the development of public health policies on cervical cancer prevention in countries with different levels of socio-economic and health services development and open up new avenues of research.

La India es un país de alto riesgo de cáncer cervical, donde se presentan cerca de la cuarta parte de los casos del total mundial (126 000 casos incidentes y 71 000 muertes durante 2000). La tasa de incidencia estandarizada por edad se encuentra en el rango de 16 a 55 por 100 000 mujeres en diferentes regiones con tasas particularmente altas en áreas rurales. El control del cáncer cervical por detección temprana y tratamiento es una prioridad del Programa Nacional de Control de Cáncer y, desafortunadamente, no hay programas organizados de tamizaje citológico en este país. La infraestructura técnica y financiera para organizar tamizaje en este tipo de cáncer, ha promovido la inspección visual como una potencial alternativa de la citología cervical en la India. Se investigan cuatro tipos de opciones de detección visual de neoplasia cervical: a) inspección a ojo desnudo sin la aplicación de ácido acético, opción ampliamente conocida como downstaging; b) inspección de ojo desnudo después de la aplicación de ácido acético de 3 a 5% (VIA); c) VIA usando un dispositivo de aumento (VIAM); d) inspección visual después de la aplicación de yodo-lugol (VILI). Se ha mostrado que el Downstaging ha sido pobremente sensible y específico para detectar neoplasia cervical y no es considerado ampliamente como una prueba de tamizaje conveniente para cáncer cervical. VIA, VIAM y VILI son frecuentemente investigados en estudios de corte transversal multicéntricos (sin verificación de sesgo), en los que se evalúan simultáneamente la citología y las pruebas del VPH; los resultados de esas investigaciones estarán disponibles próximamente. Estos estudios proveerán información valiosa sobre el desarrollo de pruebas comparativas para detectar lesiones de alto grado precursoras de neoplasia cervical, y cáncer invasor. Los resultados de los análisis de los datos de dos estudios previos indicaron una sensibilidad aproximada de 93.4% y una especificidad de 85.1% para VIA en la detección de CIN 2-3 o lesiones invasoras, comparadas con las de citología con 72.1% y 91.6% de sensibilidad y especificidad, respectivamente. La eficacia de VIA para la reducción de la incidencia y la mortalidad de cáncer cervical y su costo-efectividad están siendo actualmente investigadas en dos ensayos de intervención aleatorizados controlados en población de la India. Uno de esos estudios es un ensayo con cuatro brazos que establece la eficacia comparativa de VIA, citología y tamizaje primario, con pruebas de ADN del VPH. Este ensayo proveerá información valiosa sobre la detección comparativa de tasas de lesiones de CIN 2-3 que podrá ser utilizada para guiar el desarrollo de las políticas en salud pública sobre prevención del cáncer cervical en países con diferentes niveles socioeconómicos y abrir nuevos caminos de investigación.

India is a high-risk country for cervical cancer which accounts a quarter (126 000 new cases, 71 000 deaths around 2 000) of the world burden. The age-standardized incidence rates range from 16-55 per 100 000 women in different regions with particularly high rates in rural areas. Control of cervical cancer by early detection and treatment is a priority of the National Cancer Control Programme of India. There are no organized cytology screening programmes in the country. The technical and financial constraints to organize cytology screening have encouraged the evaluation of visual inspection approaches as potential alternatives to cervical cytology in India. Four types of visual detection approaches for cervical neoplasia are investigated in India: a) naked eye inspection without acetic acid application, widely known as 'downstaging'; b) naked eye inspection after application of 3-5% acetic acid (VIA); c) VIA using magnification devices (VIAM); d) visual inspection after the application of Lugol's iodine (VILI). Downstaging has been shown to be poorly sensitive and specific to detect cervical neoplasia and is no longer considered as a suitable screening test for cervical cancer. VIA, VIAM and VILI are currently being investigated in multicentre cross-sectional studies (without verification bias), in which cytology and HPV testing are also simultaneously evaluated, and the results of these investigations will be available in 2003. These studies will provide valuable information on the average, comparative test performances in detecting high-grade cervical cancer precursors and cancer. Results from pooled analysis of data from two completed studies indicated an approximate sensitivity of 93.4% and specificity of 85.1% for VIA to detect CIN 2 or worse lesions; the corresponding figures for cytology were 72.1% and 91.6%. The efficacy of VIA in reducing incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer and its cost-effectiveness is currently being investigated in two cluster randomized controlled intervention trials in India. One of these studies is a 4-arm trial addressing the comparative efficacy of VIA, cytology and primary screening with HPV DNA testing. This trial will provide valuable information on comparative detection rates of CIN 2-3 lesions by the middle of 2003. The expected outcomes from the Indian studies will contribute valuable information for guiding the development of public health policies on cervical cancer prevention in countries with different levels of socio-economic and health services development and open up new avenues of research.

La India es un país de alto riesgo de cáncer cervical, donde se presentan cerca de la cuarta parte de los casos del total mundial (126 000 casos incidentes y 71 000 muertes durante 2000). La tasa de incidencia estandarizada por edad se encuentra en el rango de 16 a 55 por 100 000 mujeres en diferentes regiones con tasas particularmente altas en áreas rurales. El control del cáncer cervical por detección temprana y tratamiento es una prioridad del Programa Nacional de Control de Cáncer y, desafortunadamente, no hay programas organizados de tamizaje citológico en este país. La infraestructura técnica y financiera para organizar tamizaje en este tipo de cáncer, ha promovido la inspección visual como una potencial alternativa de la citología cervical en la India. Se investigan cuatro tipos de opciones de detección visual de neoplasia cervical: a) inspección a ojo desnudo sin la aplicación de ácido acético, opción ampliamente conocida como downstaging; b) inspección de ojo desnudo después de la aplicación de ácido acético de 3 a 5% (VIA); c) VIA usando un dispositivo de aumento (VIAM); d) inspección visual después de la aplicación de yodo-lugol (VILI). Se ha mostrado que el Downstaging ha sido pobremente sensible y específico para detectar neoplasia cervical y no es considerado ampliamente como una prueba de tamizaje conveniente para cáncer cervical. VIA, VIAM y VILI son frecuentemente investigados en estudios de corte transversal multicéntricos (sin verificación de sesgo), en los que se evalúan simultáneamente la citología y las pruebas del VPH; los resultados de esas investigaciones estarán disponibles próximamente. Estos estudios proveerán información valiosa sobre el desarrollo de pruebas comparativas para detectar lesiones de alto grado precursoras de neoplasia cervical, y cáncer invasor. Los resultados de los análisis de los datos de dos estudios previos indicaron una sensibilidad aproximada de 93.4% y una especificidad de 85.1% para VIA en la detección de CIN 2-3 o lesiones invasoras, comparadas con las de citología con 72.1% y 91.6% de sensibilidad y especificidad, respectivamente. La eficacia de VIA para la reducción de la incidencia y la mortalidad de cáncer cervical y su costo-efectividad están siendo actualmente investigadas en dos ensayos de intervención aleatorizados controlados en población de la India. Uno de esos estudios es un ensayo con cuatro brazos que establece la eficacia comparativa de VIA, citología y tamizaje primario, con pruebas de ADN del VPH. Este ensayo proveerá información valiosa sobre la detección comparativa de tasas de lesiones de CIN 2-3 que podrá ser utilizada para guiar el desarrollo de las políticas en salud pública sobre prevención del cáncer cervical en países con diferentes niveles socioeconómicos y abrir nuevos caminos de investigación.

O crescimento urbano em Brasília aumentou o volume de esgoto doméstico coletado, gerando maior volume de biossólido - resíduo final do tratamento do esgoto - depositado nos pátios da Companhia de Água e Esgoto de Brasília (CAESB). Embora ainda haja carência de informações técnicas que possam garantir segurança ambiental, viabilidade econômica e satisfação social de seu uso, a maior parte do biossólido tem sido utilizada como condicionador de solos e fertilizante pelos agricultores nas áreas agrícolas vizinhas. Neste trabalho, o biossólido, que continha 90 dag kg-1 de água (10 dag kg-1 de matéria seca), foi aplicado a um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em doses únicas de 54, 108 e 216 t ha-1. Na menor dose e sem qualquer adição de outros fertilizantes, o material forneceu nutrientes para o milho por três anos, resultando em uma produtividade média de grãos de 4.700 kg ha-1. O modelo de ajuste aos dados, definido pela equação quadrática Y = 2349,3** + 41,579** X - 0,1097** X ², R² = 0,9824**, em que Y representa a produtividade de milho (kg ha-1) e X, a dose de biossólido úmido aplicado (t ha-1), estima que a aplicação de 189,51 t ha-1 produziria o rendimento máximo de milho. Usando-se o fósforo (P2O5) como referência, o biossólido foi mais eficiente do que a adubação mineral com superfosfato triplo, apresentando um valor fertilizante médio de 125 % nos três anos de cultivo. Na dose de 54 t ha-1, o biossólido da CAESB incorpora ao solo 240 kg de P2O5, 320 kg de N, 160 kg de Ca, 13 kg de K2O. As concentrações dos metais pesados (Cd, Pb e Hg) presentes no biossólido são muito inferiores aos limites críticos para aplicação do material, e a aplicação de 54 t ha-1 de biossólido úmido incorpora ao solo pequenas quantidades daqueles metais, indicando que a contaminação do solo por aqueles poluentes não constituirá problema, desde que o esgoto urbano não receba contaminação por resíduos industriais.

Brasilia's urban growth has caused the increase of domestic sewage sludge, production generating a large volume of biosolid - a final product of sludge treatment - deposited at the Companhia de Saneamento de Brasilia (CAESB) sewage treatment plants. Although there is still a lack of technical data on health, environmental safety and economic viability, it has been used as a soil amendment and fertilizer by farmers in the neighbouring areas. The biosolid produced at one of the sewage treatment plants of CAESB, with a water content of 90 dag kg-1 (10 dag kg-1 dry matter), was tested as a fertilizer for corn production in an Oxisol at rates of 54, 108 and 216 t ha-1. Results showed that, after three years, a sole application of 54 t ha-1 of biosolid maintained an average corn yield of 4,700 kg ha-1. The regression model, adjusted by a quadratic polynomial equation, Y = 2349.3** + 41.579**x - 0.1097**x², R² = 0.9824**, where Y is the corn grain productivity (kg ha-1) and x, the rate of applied biosolid (t ha-1), showed that maximum yield would be obtained at the rate of 189.51 t ha-1. Using the phosphorus (P2O5) content as a reference to plant requirement, the biosolid was more efficient than chemical fertilization with triple superphosphate, giving an average fertilizer value of 125 % during the three year-period of cultivation. At the rate of 54 t ha-1, the biosolid added to the soil 240 kg of P2O5, 320 kg of N, 160 kg of Ca and 13 kg of K2O. Heavy metal (Cd, Pb e Hg) concentration in this biosolid is much lower than the critical concentration limit established for its use, and the application of 54 t ha-1 of wet biosolid adds very small amounts of those metals, which suggests that soil contamination by those pollutants will not be a problem unless industrial residues contaminate the urban sludge.

A utilização agronômica do biossólido tem sido vista como a forma mais viável para sua disposição; entretanto, além do conhecimento técnico de suas propriedades como fertilizante, aspectos qualitativos, econômicos e práticos de seu uso são importantes para o produtor. O biossólido produzido pela Companhia de Saneamento de Brasília (CAESB) apresentou uma grande variabilidade entre as concentrações dos nutrientes a cada amostra coletada mensalmente no período entre agosto/1995 e julho/1996 e entre as estações de tratamento de origem do material. A variabilidade, maior para os macronutrientes (Ca, N, P, K, Mg e S) e menor para os micronutrientes e metais pesados, determina a necessidade de ajuste no cálculo das quantidades do material a cada aplicação. Apesar de fornecido gratuitamente, os usuários pagam pelo transporte do biossólido, o qual, pelo seu elevado conteúdo de água, só é viável até determinada distância. Nas condições deste trabalho, a distância máxima foi de 122 km. A simulação de secagem do produto mostrou que, reduzindo o conteúdo de água da pasta de 90 dag kg-1 para 70 dag kg-1, a distância de transporte aumenta de 122 para 365 km, ampliando a área de abrangência de seu uso. A aplicação de 54 t ha-1 de biossólido úmido (90 dag kg-1) apresentou a melhor relação benefício/custo (retorno de R$ 1,12 para cada R$ 1,00 investido no material), comparada às demais aplicações e às adubações com fertilizantes minerais (todas com retornos abaixo de R$ 1,00 para cada R$ 1,00 investido; a maior dose de biossólido teve retorno negativo). Embora tenha apresentado melhor desempenho comparativo, o que pode qualificá-la, preliminarmente, como dose para recomendação, a aplicação de 54 t ha-1 de biossólido úmido requer a movimentação e manipulação de um grande volume de material, o que pode ser um fator de limitação de seu uso.

The agronomic use of biosolid is considered an adequate alternative to its disposal and, although a technical knowledge about its fertilizing properties is already available, information on its qualitative, economical and practical aspects for its use on the field is also needed. The biosolid produced by the "Companhia de Saneamento de Brasília" (CAESB) showed an appreciable variability in nutrient concentration among each monthly sampling from August, 1995 to July, 1996 and among the sludge treatment plants (ETEs) where the biosolid is generated. The variability, which is higher for macronutrients (Ca, N, P, K, Mg and S) and lower for micronutrients and heavy metals, requires a dosage adjustment at each application. The biosolid is available to users free of charge but there is a transportation fee, which, due to the biosolid's high water content, is viable only up to certain distance; within the conditions of this study, the maximum distance was 122 kilometers. By simulation, a reduction of the water content from 90 dag kg-1 to 70 dag kg-1 increased the distance of transportation from 112 to 365 kilometers, expanding the potential area of utilization. The field application of 54 t ha-1 of biosolid (90 dag kg-1 of water) showed the highest benefit/cost ratio (R$ 1.12 of return for each R$ 1.00 invested) when compared to the other biosolid and mineral fertilizer applications (all of them with returns below R$ 1.00 for each R$ 1.00 invested; the highest dose of biosolid showed a negative return). Besides its best comparative performance, which can qualify it as a preliminary dose for recommendation, the application of 54 t ha-1 of biosolid (90 dag kg-1 of water) requires transportation and manipulation of a large volume of material, which can be a limiting factor to its use.